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From FEMA Public Health Risks and Hazards Analysis, Toilets Pages 39-41
dtd Jan 4, 01
Where existing toilet facilities are judged inadequate, you must make available additional
portable units.
Toilet locations should be:
Well-marked;
Well-lit (including the surrounding area) if night use is anticipated;
Serviced (including pump-out of portables) on a 24-hour schedule during the event
(vehicle access is obviously necessary);
Located away from food storage and food service areas; and
Secured to prevent tipping.
Toilets are a useful area in which to also make available facilities to:
Provide for the safe disposal of needles, syringes, and other sharps; and
If appropriate, provide condoms at some events.
The following considerations will determine the number of toilets to be provided for
particular events:
Duration of the event,
Type of crowd,
Weather conditions,
Whether the event is pre-ticketed and numbers known or unticketed,
Whether finishing times are staggered if the event has multi-functions, and
Whether alcohol will be consumed.
Calculating the number of toilets required for an event is a matter for conjecture. Where local
laws or regulations do not exist, the following guidelines can be applied. Better management
of events can be achieved by providing additional facilities. Assume a 50/50 male/female
split unless otherwise advised. The following tables should only be used as a guide.
Special Events Contingency Planning 40
Risks and Hazards Analysis
Toilet facilities for events where alcohol is not available
Males Females
Patrons Toilets Urinals Sinks Toilets Sinks
<5001 2 2 6 2
<1000 2 4 4 9 4
<2000 4 8 6 126
<3000 6 15 10 18 10
<5000 8 25 17 30 17
Toilet facilities for events where alcohol is available
Males Females
Patrons Toilets Urinals Sinks Toilets Sinks
<500 3 8 2 13 2
<1000 5 10 4 16 4
<2000 9 15 7 18 7
<3000 10 20 14 22 14
<5000 12 30 20 40 20
These figures may be reduced for shorter duration events as follows:
Duration of event Quantity required
More than 8 hrs 100%
6-8 hrs 80%
4-6 hrs 75%
Less than 4 hrs 70%
Toilets for the Disabled
At least one unisex toilet for the disabled is required. Check with
your local ADA office for further guidance.
Food Vendors Toilets
Separate toilet and hand washing facilities should be made available
for food handlers.
General Considerations
In an outdoor setting, it is a relatively simple matter to provide
additional toilets by hiring temporary, portable toilets. This solution may not be suitable for
indoor settings, for which provision of additional toilets may be more difficult. One possible
solution is to convert some men's washrooms to women's for events where you anticipate a
predominantly female audience, or vice versa.
Source: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/IS15JobAidMarch%202004draft.pdf
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